Sexually Transmitted Infections

STD and STI are often used interchangeably.  STD refers to sexually transmitted diseases.  STI refers to sexually transmitted infections.

STIs can be transmitted through exposure to infected bodily fluids or through direct contact with infected skin – typically during sexual activity. The bodily fluids that transmit STIs are semen, vaginal fluids, and blood (including menstrual discharge).

Having an STI is not an indicative of someone’s character or morals – it’s just what happens when people are in close, intimate contact with each other. Using condoms can significantly reduce the risk of fluid exchange to prevent STIs, but exposed skin is still susceptible.

The most common symptom of an STI is actually no symptom. This is why routine STI testing is crucial because people often don’t realize they have an STI and can unknowingly pass it to others.

If symptoms do present, they may include…

• Unusual discharge from the vagina, penis, or anus
• Pain or discomfort during urination
• Sores or blisters around the vagina, penis, or anus
• Itchy genitals or anus

Bacterial STIs can often be treated and cured with antibiotic medication. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are the most common bacterial STIs.

Viral STIs cannot be cured, but they can sometimes be treated with antiviral medications to manage symptoms and reduce the likelihood of transmitting to a sexual partner. Viral STIs include herpes, HIV, hepatitis, and HPV. Both hepatitis and HPV have vaccinations available for prevention.

Other STIs can be caused by living organisms. Pubic lice and trichomoniasis can be treated and cured using prescribed medication in the form of pills, creams, or ointments.

If left untreated, STIs can lead to serious health conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), cervical cancer, infertility, and can even be fatal. Don’t hesitate to make an appointment with your healthcare provider for testing and treatment.